Structural and functional intratumor heterogeneities in. Intra tumour heterogeneity ith has been documented for many. Recent technological advances have improved the molecular understanding of cancers and the. Populations of tumour cells display remarkable variability in almost every discernable phenotypic trait, including clinically important phenotypes such as ability to. Populations of tumour cells display remarkable variability in almost every discernable phenotypic trait, including clinically important phenotypes such as ability to seed metastases and to survive therapy.
This phenotypic diversity results from the integration of both genetic and nongenetic influences. Tumour heterogeneity describes the observation that different tumour cells can show distinct. Tumour heterogeneity and cancer cell plasticity nature. The heterogeneity of cancer cells introduces significant challenges in designing effective. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Colorectal cancer crc is a highly heterogeneous disease, with pathologically similar cancers having completely different responses to treatment and patient survival. Intratumour heterogeneity ith has been documented for many decades, initially from a morphological perspective 1, 2.
Cancer evolution, intratumour heterogeneity, evolutionary. Role of tumor heterogeneity in drug resistance peertechz. Indeed, structural and functional tumor heterogeneities are strongly associated with primary and secondary resistance to antitumor treatments 2. Indeed, the degree of intratumour genetic heterogeneity has been associated with poor prognosis in oesophageal cancer 65 and breast cancer 87. Cancers of all types are now recognised to consist of highly diverse populations of cells 3, where ith is detectable at the genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic levels see table 1 for a pan cancer summary. Genetic and epigenetic intratumour heterogeneity in. Absolute quantification of somatic dna alterations in human cancer pdf. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity arise among cancer cells within the same tumour as a consequence of genetic change, environmental differences and reversible changes in cell properties. Similarly to other cancers, improvement of outcomes for patients with gbm is highly dependent on a better understanding of the biology of gbm, including tumor heterogeneity in all its dimensions. Intratumour heterogeneity defined as distinct morphological and phenotypic differences has recently been demonstrated to be an important factor in the development and behaviour of cancer cells and can be used to determine.
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